An Overview of Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation is an extensively used crop irrigation technique comparable to rainfall. By spraying water into the air, these systems distribute water over the irrigation field and allow it to fall just like rainwater. According to crop needs, these systems provide the required water rate with the help of small nozzles used for spraying the water. One of the most important purposes of a sprinkler irrigation system is to ensure uniform application of water. Sprinkler irrigation systems are available in many different types to choose from. These systems differ primarily in terms of their irrigation capacity and design. Based on their usage methodology and components, these systems are classified into different types as mentioned below.

• Portable lateral with sprinklers
• Dragline
• Semi solid set
• Permanent-solid set
• Side Roll
• Big Gun

When designed and operated in the right way, the efficiency of sprinkler irrigation can be as high as 95%.  However, in order to ensure optimum system performance, several important parameters must be taken into consideration. In addition to the financial ability of the farmer, the type of sprinkler irrigation implemented in a farmland also depends on crop type, cultural practices, crop production management, the size, slope and shape of the field, and the time required to operate the system. Successful irrigation management demands that the farmer has a clear idea about all the above mentioned parameters. The success of overall crop production also depends on the farmer’s knowledge about system operation and crop needs. While using these systems, the greatest factor leading to reduced water application efficiency is poor management. Advantages of Sprinkler Irrigation: Along with the drip system, sprinkler irrigation is the most efficient system for irrigation. There are innumerable advantages of using these systems. Some of the most important of these advantages include

• Compared to surface irrigation, these systems can help reduce water usage by up to 50%
• Helps increase crop productivity by 15% to 25%
• Suitable for all types of soils and slope terrains
• Other than paddy and jute, these systems are suitable for almost all types of crops including vegetables, cereals, small fruits, etc.
• These systems are easy to install and maintain.
• These are mobile systems and hence, can be used throughout the field surface.
• The applied water can be controlled easily
• Possibility of pesticide and split fertiliser application.
• Reduces soil cover erosion
• Reduces overall farm labour cost

Limitations of Sprinkler Irrigation System: Though there are many benefits of using sprinkler irrigation, these systems sometimes suffer from certain constraints.

• In areas with high wind, uneven distribution of water is a probability
• While irrigating under high temperature, significant evaporation loss may take place.
• Requires high water pressure to operate
• Not suitable for crops that are susceptible to foliar diseases as well as tall crops.
• Some types of sprinklers may involve a high initial cost.

This discussion was meant to provide all of you a basic idea about sprinkler irrigation. If you have any questions about your irrigation applications, please contact our experts.